In 1995 the motion picture academy awarded a scientific and engineering Oscar to Howard Fleming and Ron Ulig (formerly of Optical Radiation Corp) for "Cinema Digital Sound" (CDS), a.k.a. "Digital Optical Sound System". They did the CDS "source coding", including the specifications and locations of the speakers and the formatting. The CDS "channel coding", which included synchronization and error correction, was done by Cyclotomics. CDS was invented by Elwyn Berlekamp and Lloyd Welch, US Patent numbers 5,271,021 and 5,271,022.