- (Closure) Addition produces a unique sum. (There is only one center
of mass.)
- (Commutativity)
. (Just view the "teeter-totter"
from the other side.)
- (Associativity)
.
(This sum is called the
center of mass or centroid of the system. The propery is
equivalent to the theorem
of Menelaus.)
- (Scalar multiplication)
.
- (Idempotent)

- (Homogeneity)
.
- (Subtraction) If
then
may be solved for the
unknown mass point
.
Namely,
where
on
and
.