An Invitation to General Algebra and Universal Constructions

George M. Bergman

422 pp.

These notes were published for many years by Henry Helson, now deceased.  How they will be published in the future is at the moment uncertain. I have recently converted them to TeX (see this page). The files on this page are of the previous version, prepared with the program troff, of which I still have (softcover, printed, bound) copies, which can be obtained from me, , either for $30 by mail, or for $25 at my office, 865 Evans Hall.

They can also be printed or viewed from the files below, but troff has shown some incompatibilities with modern printers and display tools.  If you want to print out these files, start with one of them, and see how it looks.  (The "alt_pdf" file for Chapter 7 is better in its handling of arrows than the "pdf" version on some printers, worse on others.  You might compare the two.)

Note also that when a chapter begins on an even-numbered page, the file below begins with a blank page, for convenience in 2-sided printing.  So if you display a file and see a blank page, just page forward to see the text.

I have put online a few corrections and changes to this version of these notes.

Table of contents, + Ch. 0, About the course, and these notes, + Ch. 1, Making some things precise.  ps pdf

Chapter 2,  Free groups.  ps pdf

Chapter 3,  A Cook's tour of other universal constructions.  ps pdf

Chapter 4,  Ordered sets, induction, and the Axiom of Choice.  ps pdf

Chapter 5,  Lattices, closure operators, and Galois connections.  ps pdf

Chapter 6,  Categories and functors.  ps pdf

Chapter 7,  Universal constructions in category-theoretic terms.  ps pdf alt_pdf

Chapter 8,  Varieties of algebras.  ps pdf

Chapter 9,  Algebra and coalgebra objects in categories, and functors having adjoints.  ps pdf

Referencesps pdf.           Word Indexps pdf.           Symbol Indexps pdf.           Index of Exercisesps pdf.

Answers to some students' questions from Math 245A, Spring 2008, and Fall 2011, taught from the above text.