Chrol

Sample Text

Chrol

ᚷᛧᚢᛣᛍ ᚴᚴᚺᚴᚴᚺᛣᛜᚴᚴᚺᚴᚴᚺᛣ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᚷᛧᚢᚦ ᛣᚲᚢᚴᚴᚢᚴᛧ᛭ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᚴᛣᛧᚮᛚᚴᚲᚫᛊ ᚷᛧᚢᛣᛍ ᚴᛧᚴᚲᚠᚴᛍ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ᛭ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᚴᚲᚢᚴᚲᚺᛣ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᚴᚲᚢᚴᚲᚺᛣ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ᛫ ᚴᚢᚢᛚ ᚴᚲᚢᚴᚲᚺᛣ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᚴᛣᛧᚮᛚᚴᚲᚫᛊ ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᛣᚢᚷ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ᛭ ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᛣᚢᚷ ᚷᛍᛠᚷᛍᛚᚮᚴᚲ ᚷᚮᚮᛚ ᚴᚲᚢᚴᚲᚺᛣ ᛪᚫᛣᛍ᛫ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᚦᚥᚥᛪ ᛣᚲᚺᚴᛩᛝᛠᛝ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᛣᛍᚴᚥᚴ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ᛫ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᚷᛍᛠᚷᛍᛚᚮᚴᚲ᛭ ᛣᛧᚫᛣᛧᚫᛣᛧ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᛪᚺᚷᚷᚺᚺᛚ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᚴᛣᛧᚮᛚᚴᚲᚫᛊ ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᛩᚢᛝ ᚷᚷᚫᚴᛚᚺᛚ᛭ ᚴᚢᚢᛚ ᛊᛊᛠᛊ᛫ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᚴᛧᚴᚲᚠᚴᛍ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᛣᚢᚷ ᛣᛣᚥᛣᛚᚺᛚ᛫ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᚷᚷᛧᚢᚦ ᚴᛣᛧᚮᛚᚴᚲᚫᛊ ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᚷᛧᚢᚦ ᛣᛣᚥᛣᛚᚺᛚᛜᛣᛣᚥᛣᛚᚺᛚ ᚴᚢᚢᛚ ᚴᛧᚴᚲᚠᚴᛍ ᛪᚫᛣᛍ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ᛭ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᛣᛧᚫᛩ ᚷᛧᛊᚺᚴ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᚷᚷᛧᚢᚦ ᚴᛣᛧᚮᛚᚴᚲᚫᛊ᛭ ᚷᚷᚮᚮᛄᚠᛪ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᚦᛚᚥᚴᛣᚮᛣ ᚴᛍᚥᚴᛧᚮᛚ ᛣᚲᚺᚴᛩᛝᛠᛝ ᚴᛍᚥᚴᛧᚮᛚ ᛣᚲᚺᚴᛩᛝᛠᛝ᛭

ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛣᚲᚺᚴᛩᛝᛠᛝ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᛣᛧᚫᛩᛜᛣᛧᚫᛩᛜᚷᛣᚮᛣ ᚷᚮᚮᛚ ᛝᛚᚺᚦᛧᚷᚮᚷ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛣᚮᛣᛧᛚᚥᛩ ᛚᛠᛚᚷᚢᚷ ᚷᚺᛪᛚᚺᛪ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᚴᚴᛠᛪ ᛚᛠᛚᚷᚢᚷ ᚷᚺᛪᛚᚺᛪ᛭ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛝᛚᚠᚠᛚ ᛪᛄᚮᚴᛍᛣᛍᛠᛣᛍ ᚷᚮᚮᛚ ᚴᛧᚴᚲᚠᚴᛍ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ᛫ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛣᚲᚺᚴᛩᛝᛠᛝ ᚴᛍᚥᚴᛧᚮᛚ ᚷᚷᚺᛣ ᛣᛍᚴᚥᚴ ᚴᚢᚢᛚ ᛣᛍᚴᚥᚴ᛫ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛪᛄᚮᚴᛍᛣᛍᛠᛠᛣᛍ ᚴᛍᚥᚴᛧᚮᛚ ᚷᚷᛧᚢᚦ ᚴᛧᛣᛧᚢᛚ ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ ᛪᚫᛣᛍ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᛠᛠᛝ᛭ ᛝᛚᚠᚠᛚᛜᛝᛚᚠᚠᛚ ᚴᛧᚠᛚ ᛣᚲᚠᚴᚲ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᛪᛄᚮᚴᛍᛣᛍᛠᛠᛣᛍ᛭͡᛭

Semi-literal Translation

One of our trolls was leg-legging in a field. He eyed a fire-demon. Our troll runs, he runs, fire-demon is running after him. Ran up to a cliff, our troll arms a long branch, falling. The fire-demon is throating from above at him. Trembles, our troll eyes downward, he eyes another fire-demon, down-down. That fire-demon is wanting to tooth our troll. For our troll, was saving with the branch! But starting-trying-toothing the branch, a small white animal, a small black animal. Our troll eyed a tonguey mushroom, with one hand, handling the branch, our troll claws the mushroom up with the other hand. Wow, it is tonguey-tonguey mushroom!

Interlinear

I. Phonology

I.1 Vowels

I.2 Consonants

• ᛚ /L\/
• ᛪ /R/
• ᛝ /N\/
• ᛊ /x\/

I.3 Remarks

• Syllable canon is C(C)V(C) or CV:(L), where L denotes one of ᛚ᛫ᛪ᛫ᛝ᛫ᛊ.
• All word-final syllables must be closed.
• Note that geminate consonants have double release. (For example, in ᚴᚴᚺᛚ, there are two distinct releases for the ᚴ.)
• Stress is on the initial syllable.

II. Nominal Morphology

III.1 Case Marking

III.2 Pronouns

III. Verbal Morphology

Sentence-final evidentials:

General knowledge	ᛚᛄᚥᚴᚴᚠᚴᚲ
First-hand, visual	ᛚᛄᚮᚴᚴᚮᚴᛍ
First-hand, nonvisual	ᛚᛄᚢᛣᚴᚠᚴᛍ
Hearsay	ᛚᛄᛠᚴᛣᚺᚴ
Inference	ᛚᛄᛠᛣᛣᛠᚴ
Maybe	ᛚᛄᛠᛩᚲᚠᚴᛧ
Doubtful	ᛝᛄᚫᚦᚷᚫᚴᛧ

IV. Syntax

IV.1. Misc.

• Comparatives are formed by full-word reduplication.
• Superlatives are formed by appending ᚴᛧᚴᚥᛣ to the comparative form.
• To say that X is A-er than Y, use the form: X is A-er, Y is not A.
• For the Equative (X is as A as Y is), use the form: Y is A-er, X is A-er

IV.2. Questions

• Sentence-initially it behaves as a general (yes/no) question former. The sentence is then often marked with the "Maybe" evidential.
• It can appear as a noun, case-marked, in which case it is acts as a "Wh"-word, e.g. who/what/etc.
• It can occur in the post-verbal slot, indicating "How".
• It can appear as the verb, forming a general question.

IV.3. Correlatives

• Question: ᛪᚮᛝᛣᚮᛝ/ᛜᛣᚮᚮᛝ
• Negative (no: 67): ᛣᚲᚫᚫᛊ
• Universal (every): ᛪᚮᛝᚴᛧᚦᛧᚺᛝ/ᛜᚦᛧᚺᚺᛝ
• Indefinite (any: 589): ᛚᚮᛝᛊᛠᛠᛝ/ᛜᛊᛠᛠᛝ
• Indefinite (some: 123): ᛚᚮᛝᛩᚥᚥᛝ/ᛜᛩᚥᚥᛝ
• Indefinite (what: 345): ᛪᛚᚮᛝᛣᛣᚮᛝ/ᛜᛣᚮᚮᛝ

V. Examples

• Extensive example:

  Orthography	ᛝᚷᚺᛝ	ᛣᚴᚠᚴ	ᚷᚥᛣ	ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ	ᚷᛣᚮᛣ	ᚴᚷᚺᛝ	ᛚᚢᛩᛜᛚᚢᛩ	ᛚᛄᚮᚴᚴᚮᚴᚲ
  Interlinear	ACC	3RD	ABS.PAST	claw	TRYING	ERG	1ST.PL	VIS.WITNESS
  Free Translation	We tried to claw him, (I was there).
  X-SAMPA	N\gQN\ tSk@k gMtS gr\kaG\ gtSOtS kgQN\ L\1q-L\1q L\G\OkkOk_>
  IPA

• ᛝᚷᚺᛝ	ᛣᚴᚠᚴ	ᚷᚥᛣ	ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ	ᛜ	ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ	ᚷᛣᚮᛣ	ᚴᚷᚺᛝ	ᛚᚢᛩᛜᛚᚢᛩ	ᛚᛄᚮᚴᚴᚮᚴᚲ	᛭
  ACC	3RD	PAST.ABS	claw	-	claw	TRYING	ERG	1ST.PL	1STHAND.VIS	.
  We were trying to claw him.

• ᛝᚷᚺᛝ	ᛣᚴᚠᚴ	ᚷᚥᛣ	ᛜ	ᚷᚥᛣ	ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ	ᚷᛣᚮᛣ	ᚴᚷᚺᛝ	ᛚᚢᛩᛜᛚᚢᛩ	ᛚᛄᚮᚴᚴᚮᚴᚲ	᛭
  ACC	3RD	PAST.ABS	-	PAST.ABS	claw	TRYING	ERG	1ST.PL	1STHAND.VIS	.
  We often tried to claw him.

• ᛣᛣᚮᛣᚮᚴ (ᚴᛧᚴᚲᚠᚴᛍ)᛭͡᛭ Hey!/Ho!/Hullo!/Hello! (standard greeting)
• ᛣᛣᚮᛣᚮᚴ ᚴᛧᚴᚲᚠᚴᛍ᛭͡᛭ ᚴᛣᚠᛚ ᚷᚠᚷᚦᚺᚺᛝ ᚴᚲᚠᚷᚢᛝ ᛚᚢᛩ᛭͡᛭ Hey! That's my gold!
• ᚴᛣᚠᛚ ᚷᛍᛠᚷᛍᛚᚮᚴᚲ ᛝᛩᚫᚴᚲ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᚺᛪ᛫ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᚺᛪ ᚦᛧᚮᚷ ᛣᛧᚫᛩᛜᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄᛜᛣᛍᚴᚥᚴ ᛪᚫᛣᛍ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛚᚢᛩ᛭͡᛭ Put it down or I'll bite, claw, and rend you!

• ᚴᛣᚠᛚ

  ᛄᛚᚠᛩ

  ᛜ

  ᛄᛚᚠᛩ

  ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ

  ᛚᚢᛩ

  ᛫

  ᚴᛣᚠᛚ

  ᛣᚲᚫᚫᛊ

  ᛜ

  ᛄᛚᚠᛩ

  ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ

  ᛄᚺᛪ

  ᛚᛄᚥᚴᚴᚠᚴᚲ

  ᛭

  PRES.ABS

  strong

  -

  strong

  NOM

  1ST

  ,

  PRES.ABS

  NEG

  -

  strong

  NOM

  2ND

  GEN.KNWLDGE

  .

  I am stronger than you.

• ᚴᛣᚠᛚ	ᛄᛚᚠᛩ	ᛜ	ᛄᛚᚠᛩ	ᛜ	ᚴᛧᚴᚥᛣ	ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ	ᛚᚢᛩ	᛭
  PRES.ABS	strong	-	strong	-	-EST	NOM	1ST	.
  I am the strongest.

• ᛪᚮᛝᛣᚮᛝ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ ᚷᚥᛣ ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᚺᛪ (ᛚᛄᛠᛩᚲᚠᚴᛧ)ᛯ Did you claw him?
• ᛝᚷᚺᛝᛜᛣᚮᚮᛝ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ ᚷᚥᛣ ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᚺᛪᛯ Who did you claw?
• ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ ᚷᚥᛣ ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ ᛪᚮᛝᛣᚮᛝ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᛄᚺᛪᛯ How did your clawing of him go?
• ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᚷᛧᚢᚦ ᛣᛧᚮᚮᛚᛜᚥᛣ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᛣᚴᚠᚴ ᛚᛄᛠᚴᛣᚺᚴ He was on fire, they say.

• ᚴᛣᚠᛚ	ᚷᚠᚷᚦᚺᚺᛝ	ᚴᚲᚠᚷᚢᛝ	ᛚᚢᛩ	᛭
  PRES.ABS	gold	DAT	1ST	.
  The gold is mine.

• ᚷᛧᚢᛣᛍ	ᛩᚲᚥᛩᛧ	ᛣᚲᚠᚴᚲ	ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ	ᛄᛪᚺᚦᚦᚷᛧᚢᚦᛄᛪᚺᚦ	ᛣᛍᚴᚥᚴ	ᚦᛧᚢᚢᛚᚷᛧᚢᚦ	ᛣᚴᚠᚴ	᛭͡᛭
  PAST.NARR	be.attached	SURPRISING	NOM	three	arm	LOC	3RD	!
  He had 3 arms! (telling a story)

• ᛝᚷᚺᛝ *ᚴᛧᚢᛝ* ᚴᛣᚠᛚ ᛝᛚᚠᚠᛚᛜᚷᛧᛊᚺᚴ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᚷᚺᛪᛚᚺᛪ ᛚᛄᚥᚴᚴᚠᚴᚲ Cats enjoy eating cream. (ᚴᛧᚢᛝ for "cream" is a borrowing)
• ᛚᛠᛚᚷᚢᚷᛜᚠᛚ ᚷᛣᛍᚺᛝ ᚷᚺᛪᛚᚺᛪ ᛚᛄᚮᚴᚴᚮᚴᛍ᛭ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ ᛣᚲᚫᚫᛊ ᛩᚠᚦ ᛣᛧᚫᛩᛜᛣᚲᚫᚫᛊ ᚴᚷᚺᛝ ᚷᚺᛪᛚᚺᛪ ᛚᛄᛠᛣᛣᛠᚴ᛭ ᛝᚷᚺᛝ *ᚴᛧᚢᛝ* ᛩᚠᚦ ᛣᛧᚫᛩᛜᛣᚲᚫᚫᛊᛜᛣᚲᚫᚫᛊ ᛚᛄᛠᛣᛣᛠᚴ᛭ This cat is thin, so he must not have eaten much of anything, much less cream.

VI. Sample Lexicon

ᛄᛍᛚᚺᚺᛚᚺᚺᛝ

lips; to talk/argue/think

ᚷᛧᚴᚫᛄ

claw; to claw/pick

ᛣᛧᚫᛩ

tooth; to bite/chew/eat

ᛣᛍᚴᚥᚴ

arm; to rend/hold/grasp

ᚴᛧᚴᚲᚠᚴᛍ

eye; to see/look

ᚷᛍᛠᚷᛍᛚᚮᚴᚲ

cliff; to drop/fall

ᛪᚺᚷᚷᚺᚺᛚ

throat; to growl/yell

ᛚᚺᚺᛚᚷᛧᛚᚺᛝ

ear; to hear/listen

ᛝᛚᚺᚦᛧᚷᚮᚷ

nose; to start/begin

ᛝᛚᚠᚠᛚ

tongue; tasty; to lick

ᚷᛧᛊᚺᚴᚦᚦᛠᛚ

stomach; to want

ᚴᚴᚺᚴᚴᚺᛣ

leg/foot; to walk/kick

ᚦᛚᚥᚴᛣᚮᛣ

comrade/friend; to save/help/aid

ᚷᚠᚷᚦᚺᚺᛝ

gold

ᚴᚲᚢᛣᚴᚢᛝ

hole/cave/dwelling

ᛄᛚᚠᛩ

big/large/strong/good

ᛣᚫᚫᛄ

sword/dagger/knive

ᛣᛧᚮᚮᛚ

fire

acid (lit. "cold fire")

ᛣᚢᚢᛚᚠᚦ

armor/shield

ᛩᚲᚥᛩᛧ

to be attached

ᛊᛊᛠᛊ

to tremble/shake

ᛣᚮᛣᛧᛚᚥᛩ

day/white/light

ᚴᚴᛠᛪ

night/black/dark

ᚷᚷᛧᚢᚦ

another/other

ᛩᛩᚺᛣ

this (contrasting with ᚷᚷᛧᚢᚦ)

ᛚᛠᛚᚷᚢᚷ

small

ᚷᚺᛪᛚᚺᛪ

cat/dog/etc. ("small ᚷᚺᛪᛚᚺᛪ" = mouse/rat/etc.)

ᚷᚷᚫᚴᛚᚺᛚ

up/above/sky

ᛣᛣᚥᛣᛚᚺᛚ

down/below/ground/earth

ᚴᚲᚢᚴᚲᚺᛣ

to run

ᛄᛠᛠᛝ

troll, same clan, adult

ᛄᛠᛝᛪᚠᚴ

troll, different clan, adult

ᛣᚲᚫᛄᛠᛝ

troll, exiled

ᛩᚲᛣᛧᚥᛝ

troll, same clan, non-adult

ᛩᚲᛣᛧᚥᛝᛪᚠᚴ

troll, different clan, non-adult

ᚴᛣᛧᚮᛚᚴᚲᚫᛊ

fire-demon

ᛣᚲᚢᚴᚴᚢᚴᛧ

field/etc.

ᛣᚲᚺᚴᛩᛝᛠᛝ

tree/branch (vine=long branch)

ᚦᚥᚥᛪ

long

ᛪᛄᚮᚴᛍᛣᛍᛠᛣᛍ

mushroom

ᛄᛪᚺᚦ

1

ᚷᛧᚷᛠᛝᛄᚺᚦ

2

ᛄᛪᚺᚦᚦᚷᛧᚢᚦᛄᛪᚺᚦ

3

ᚷᛧᚷᛠᛝᛄᚺᚦᚷᛧᚢᚦᛄᛪᚺᚦ

4

ᚷᛧᚷᛠᛝᛄᚺᚦᚷᛧᚢᚦᚷᛧᚷᛠᛝᛄᚺᚦ

more than 4